◆from scratch<非正式>从头开始；从零开始
Building a home from scratch can be exciting and challenging.从零开始建造一个家, 既激动人心又富有挑战性。
Hong Kong's manufacturing industry did not start from scratch in the post-war period.战后香港的制造业并非是从零起步。
crisp fried onion rings made from scratch every day每天新做的松脆炸洋葱圈